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506 days ago
The brain is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. In mammals, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, equilibrioception, sense of taste, and olfaction. The outer layer of the brain, the reasoning, planning and self-aware region known as the cerebral cortex, has a central clearinghouse of activity below the crown of the head that is widely connected to more-specialized regions in a large network similar to a subway map, scientists reported. The new report, published in the free-access online journal PLOS Biology, provides the most complete rough draft to date of the cortex’s electrical architecture, the cluster of interconnected nodes and hubs that help guide thinking and behavior. The paper also provides a striking demonstration of how new imaging techniques focused on the brain’s white matter — the connections between cells, rather than the neurons ...
657 days ago
Cosmetics are substances used to enhance or protect the appearance or odor of the human skin. Cosmetics include skin-care creams, lotions, powders, perfumes, lipsticks , fingernail and toenail polishes, eye and facial makeup, permanent aves, hair colors, hair sprays and gels, deodorants, baby products, bath oils, bubble baths, bath salts, butters and many other types of products. Their use is widespread, especially among women in Western countries. A subset of cosmetics is called "make-up," which refers primarily to colored products intended to alter the user’s appearance. Many manufacturers distinguish between decorative cosmetics and care cosmetics. The manufacture of cosmetics is currently dominated by a small number of multinational corporations that originated in the early 20th century, but the distribution and sale of cosmetics is spread among a wide range of different businesses. The U.S. FDA which regulates cosmetics in the United States. ...
681 days ago
When it comes to picking a partner, being choosy is rewarded by cooperativeness , says a new study. The study, led by John McNamara, a professor at the University of Bristol, stated that the level of cooperation and the degree of choosiness increase together over time. “The problem is that the process of natural selection tends to produce individuals that do the best for themselves. So why has a behaviour evolved that appears to benefit others at a cost to the individual concerned,” Nature quoted McNamara. “In our model, an individual’s level of choosiness determines the level of cooperation demanded of its partner. If the current partner is not cooperative enough the individual stops interacting with this partner and seeks a better partner, even though finding a new partner incurs costs”. Therefore, when the time arrives to leave the current partner and seek a more cooperative one, two components are needed for this happening. Firstly, there must be better ...
681 days ago
Ratan Tata drove in the Nano, the much awaited Rs 100,000 ($2,500) "people's car", into the podium in Tata Motor's pavilion at the Auto Expo 2008 in New Delhi, heralding the launch of the world's cheapest car. The Nano is here. Ratan Tata seems to have achieved the feat of showcasing to the world a one-lakh rupee car that meets the specs of an international affordable peoples' car. The small beauty claims to meet all the current safety requirements of a modern day car and has pollution levels that are even less than those of a two-wheeler. But Nano will have to shake off the ‘one-lakh rupee’ tag as the on-road prices will also include VAT, transportation, insurance and road tax component. So, the on-road price may actually go much beyond one lakh. The 33-horsepower, 624-cc Nano will come at a dealer price of Rs 100,000 ($2500). This, despite rise in the price of inputs such as steel since the project was started four years ago, Tata said at the ...
681 days ago
H.I.V (Human immunodeficiency virus) is a retrovirus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. Using a new type of genetic screen, researchers at Harvard Medical School have identified 273 proteins that the AIDS virus needs to survive in human cells, opening up new potential targets for drugs. Their work, published online on Thursday by Science magazine , used RNA interference to screen thousands of protein-making genes; previously, scientists had identified only 36 human proteins that the virus uses to break into cells, hijack their machinery and start reproducing. “This is just terrific work,” said Dr. ...
