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9 days ago
Augustine Faith before reason He maintained a materialistic view of things and on this account doubted the existence of immaterial substances and the immortality of the soul. I am confident that among the Platonists I shall find what is not opposed to the teachings of our religion. We cannot properly philosophize until our human wills are transformed, that clear thinking is possible only under the influence of God’s grace. “For we are,” says Augustine, “ and we know we are, and we love our being and our knowledge of it…. These truths stand without fear in the face of the arguments of the Academics.” The soul cannot find its peace among the bodily pleasures or sensation. The world of things was full of change and impermanence. Immutable truth must have its source in God. Augustine sees God as the source of all being insofar as things possess any being at all. God is “ I Am That I Am.” Justice is “the habit of the soul ...
11 days ago
否定人的美感和艺术享受 以上帝的名义建立 强调人神相对立 同时又有统一性 人在自己的精神上 体会到人的神性 信仰、希望、爱 奥古斯丁 美的忏悔 圣父、圣子、圣灵三位一体 万物的总体在上帝眼中是和谐 面向天主 上帝的至善至美通过信仰去领会 虔诚地爱 对世俗美的否定 禁欲主义 美是纯精神的属性 象征 托马斯 . 阿奎那 一眼见到使人愉快 感观喜欢比例适当的东西 和谐的结构 美存在于万物的多种多样性 注重感观、立足感观
13 days ago
Classical Philosophy after Aristotle Epicureanism Most importantly, God is not the source or the creator of anything but is himself the result of a purposeless and random event. Liberation from the fear of God and of death sets the stage for a way of life completely under a person’s own control. Stoicism The Stoics sought happiness through wisdom, a wisdom by which to control what lay within human ability and to accept with dignified resignation what had to be. Do not demand that events should happen as you wish; but wish them to happen as they do happen, and you will go on well. We cannot control all events, but we can control our attitude toward what happens. It is useless to fear future events, for they will happen in any case. But it is possible by an act of will to control our fear. We should not, therefore, fear events---in a real sense we have “nothing to fear but fear itself”. Skepiticism We cannot be certain that our ...
14 days ago
贺拉斯 亚里士多德的追随者 情感 想像比模仿更灵巧 心眼 朗吉弩斯 崇高 普罗提诺 理念论和神秘主义的扩展 太一高于理念世界 否定论神学（只能说神不是什么） 理念的特点是整一性（纯粹的统一性） 美是内在于人的灵魂 外部世界的美提醒人的内心的灵魂 回忆太一（人的精神家园） 艺术和美本质上不可分 艺术的最本质作用表现人心中的美 模仿心灵 ------ 模仿理念 艺术：回到万事万物的来源 --- 理念世界 高于自然 模仿 --- 表现 --- 模仿 模仿太一创作的理念世界 一切艺术都是为了创造美 人所看到的美都是艺术创作 太一是一切艺术所根据的蓝本 太一是存在 丑是非存在 某种缺乏 太一是真善美的统一 主体性 美是主客体精神的统一 最终统一于客观精神 最高太一的美 美和艺术的再次分裂 宗教是人的本质的异化
16 days ago
Once, a king gave a feast for the loveliest princesses in the realm. Now, a soldier who was standing guard saw the king’s daughter go by. She was most beautiful of all and he instantly fell in love. But what is a simple soldier next to the daughter of a king? Well, at last he succeeded in meeting her and he told her he could no longer live without her. The princess was so taken by the depth of his feeling that she said to the soldier: “If you can wait for 100 days and 100 nights under my balcony. At end of it, I shall be yours.” With that, the soldier went and waited one day, two days, then ten, then twenty. Each evening the princess looked out and he never moved. In rain, in wind, in snow, he was always there. Bird shat on his head. Bees stung him. But he didn’t budge. At the end of 90 days he had become all dry, all white. Tears stream from his eye. He couldn’t hold them back. He didn’t even have the strength to sleep. And all that time, the princess watched him. At long last, it ...
